bump to v0.32

On Fedora machines /lib/modules/$(uname -r) has all the files.

README.md

@@ -40,6 +40,6 @@ However, some mitigations could also exist in your kernel that this script doesn
 
 Your system exposure also depends on your CPU. As of now, AMD and ARM processors are marked as immune to some or all of these vulnerabilities (except some specific ARM models). All Intel processors manufactured since circa 1995 are thought to be vulnerable. Whatever processor one uses, one might seek more information from the manufacturer of that processor and/or of the device in which it runs.
 
-The nature of the discovered vulnerabilities being quite new, the landscape of vulnerable processors can be expected to change over time, which is why this script makes the assumption that all CPUs are vulnerable, except if the manufacturer explicitely stated otherwise in a verifiable public announcement.
+The nature of the discovered vulnerabilities being quite new, the landscape of vulnerable processors can be expected to change over time, which is why this script makes the assumption that all CPUs are vulnerable, except if the manufacturer explicitly stated otherwise in a verifiable public announcement.
 
 This tool has been released in the hope that it'll be useful, but don't use it to jump to conclusions about your security.

spectre-meltdown-checker.sh

@@ -8,24 +8,23 @@
 #
 # Stephane Lesimple
 #
-VERSION=0.26
+VERSION=0.32
 
-# Script configuration
 show_usage()
 {
 	cat <<EOF
 	Usage:
-		Live mode:    $0 [options] [--live]
+		Live mode:    `basename $0` [options] [--live]
-		Offline mode: $0 [options] [--kernel <vmlinux_file>] [--config <kernel_config>] [--map <kernel_map_file>]
+		Offline mode: `basename $0` [options] [--kernel <vmlinux_file>] [--config <kernel_config>] [--map <kernel_map_file>]
 
 	Modes:
 		Two modes are available.
 
 		First mode is the "live" mode (default), it does its best to find information about the currently running kernel.
-		To run under this mode, just start the script without any option (you can also use --live explicitely)
+		To run under this mode, just start the script without any option (you can also use --live explicitly)
 
 		Second mode is the "offline" mode, where you can inspect a non-running kernel.
-		You'll need to specify the location of the vmlinux file, and if possible, the corresponding config and System.map files:
+		You'll need to specify the location of the vmlinux file, config and System.map files:
 
 		--kernel vmlinux_file		Specify a (possibly compressed) vmlinux file
 		--config kernel_config		Specify a kernel config file
@@ -35,12 +34,16 @@ show_usage()
 		--no-color			Don't use color codes
 		--verbose, -v			Increase verbosity level
 		--no-sysfs			Don't use the /sys interface even if present
+		--coreos			Special mode for CoreOS (use an ephemeral toolbox to inspect kernel)
 		--batch text			Produce machine readable output, this is the default if --batch is specified alone
 		--batch json			Produce JSON output formatted for Puppet, Ansible, Chef...
 		--batch nrpe			Produce machine readable output formatted for NRPE
 		--variant [1,2,3]		Specify which variant you'd like to check, by default all variants are checked
 						Can be specified multiple times (e.g. --variant 2 --variant 3)
 
+	Return codes:
+		0 (not vulnerable), 2 (vulnerable), 3 (unknown), 255 (error)
+
 	IMPORTANT:
 	A false sense of security is worse than no security at all.
 	Please use the --disclaimer option to understand exactly what this script does.
@@ -66,7 +69,7 @@ in which it runs.
 
 The nature of the discovered vulnerabilities being quite new, the landscape of vulnerable processors can be expected
 to change over time, which is why this script makes the assumption that all CPUs are vulnerable, except if the manufacturer
-explicitely stated otherwise in a verifiable public announcement.
+explicitly stated otherwise in a verifiable public announcement.
 
 This tool has been released in the hope that it'll be useful, but don't use it to jump to conclusions about your security.
 
@@ -88,22 +91,37 @@ opt_variant2=0
 opt_variant3=0
 opt_allvariants=1
 opt_no_sysfs=0
+opt_coreos=0
 
-nrpe_critical=0
+global_critical=0
-nrpe_unknown=0
+global_unknown=0
 nrpe_vuln=""
 
+echo_cmd=''
 __echo()
 {
 	opt="$1"
 	shift
 	_msg="$@"
+
+	if [ -z "$echo_cmd" ]; then
+		# find a sane `echo` command
+		# we'll try to avoid using shell builtins that might not take options
+		if which echo >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+			echo_cmd=`which echo`
+		else
+			[ -x /bin/echo        ] && echo_cmd=/bin/echo
+			[ -x /system/bin/echo ] && echo_cmd=/system/bin/echo
+		fi
+		# still empty ? fallback to builtin
+		[ -z "$echo_cmd" ] && echo_cmd=echo
+	fi
+
 	if [ "$opt_no_color" = 1 ] ; then
 		# strip ANSI color codes
-		_msg=$(/bin/echo -e  "$_msg" | sed -r "s/\x1B\[([0-9]{1,2}(;[0-9]{1,2})?)?[m|K]//g")
+		_msg=$($echo_cmd -e  "$_msg" | sed -r "s/\x1B\[([0-9]{1,2}(;[0-9]{1,2})?)?[m|K]//g")
 	fi
-	# explicitely call /bin/echo to avoid shell builtins that might not take options
+	$echo_cmd $opt -e "$_msg"
-	/bin/echo $opt -e "$_msg"
 }
 
 _echo()
@@ -142,59 +160,124 @@ _verbose()
 	_echo 2 "$@"
 }
 
+_verbose_nol()
+{
+	_echo_nol 2 "$@"
+}
+
 _debug()
 {
-	_echo 3 "(debug) $@"
+	_echo 3 "\033[34m(debug) $@\033[0m"
+}
+
+is_cpu_vulnerable_cached=0
+_is_cpu_vulnerable_cached()
+{
+	[ "$1" = 1 ] && return $variant1
+	[ "$1" = 2 ] && return $variant2
+	[ "$1" = 3 ] && return $variant3
+	echo "$0: error: invalid variant '$1' passed to is_cpu_vulnerable()" >&2
+	exit 255
 }
 
 is_cpu_vulnerable()
 {
 	# param: 1, 2 or 3 (variant)
-	# returns 1 if vulnerable, 0 if not vulnerable, 255 on error
+	# returns 0 if vulnerable, 1 if not vulnerable
+	# (note that in shell, a return of 0 is success)
 	# by default, everything is vulnerable, we work in a "whitelist" logic here.
 	# usage: is_cpu_vulnerable 2 && do something if vulnerable
-	variant1=0
+	if [ "$is_cpu_vulnerable_cached" = 1 ]; then
-	variant2=0
+		_is_cpu_vulnerable_cached "$1"
-	variant3=0
+		return $?
-	if grep -q AMD /proc/cpuinfo; then
+	fi
-		variant1=0
+
-		variant2=1
+	variant1=''
-		variant3=1
+	variant2=''
-	elif grep -qi 'CPU implementer\s*:\s*0x41' /proc/cpuinfo; then
+	variant3=''
+	# we also set a friendly name for the CPU to be used in the script if needed
+	cpu_friendly_name=$(grep '^model name' /proc/cpuinfo | cut -d: -f2- | head -1)
+
+	if grep -q GenuineIntel /proc/cpuinfo; then
+		# Intel
+		# Old Atoms are not vulnerable to spectre 2 nor meltdown
+		# https://security-center.intel.com/advisory.aspx?intelid=INTEL-SA-00088&languageid=en-fr
+		# model name : Genuine Intel(R) CPU N270 @ 1.60GHz
+		# model name : Intel(R) Atom(TM) CPU N270 @ 1.60GHz
+		# model name : Intel(R) Atom(TM) CPU 330 @ 1.60GHz
+		if grep -qE '^model name.+ Intel\(R\) (Atom\(TM\) CPU +(S|D|N|230|330)|CPU N[0-9]{3} )' /proc/cpuinfo; then
+			variant1=vuln
+			[ -z "$variant2" ] && variant2=immune
+			[ -z "$variant3" ] && variant3=immune
+		fi
+	elif grep -q AuthenticAMD /proc/cpuinfo; then
+		# AMD revised their statement about variant2 => vulnerable
+		# https://www.amd.com/en/corporate/speculative-execution
+		variant1=vuln
+		variant2=vuln
+		[ -z "$variant3" ] && variant3=immune
+	elif grep -qi 'CPU implementer[[:space:]]*:[[:space:]]*0x41' /proc/cpuinfo; then
 		# ARM
 		# reference: https://developer.arm.com/support/security-update
-		cpupart=$(awk '/CPU part/         {print $4;exit}' /proc/cpuinfo)
+		# some devices (phones or other) have several ARMs and as such different part numbers,
-		cpuarch=$(awk '/CPU architecture/ {print $3;exit}' /proc/cpuinfo)
+		# an example is "bigLITTLE". we shouldn't rely on the first CPU only, so we check the whole list
-		if [ -n "$cpupart" -a -n "$cpuarch" ]; then
+		cpupart_list=$(awk '/CPU part/         {print $4}' /proc/cpuinfo)
-			# Cortex-R7 and Cortex-R8 are real-time and only used in medical devices or such
+		cpuarch_list=$(awk '/CPU architecture/ {print $3}' /proc/cpuinfo)
-			# I can't find their CPU part number, but it's probably not that useful anyway
+		i=0
-			# model R7 R8 A9    A15   A17   A57   A72    A73    A75
+		for cpupart in $cpupart_list
-			# part   ?  ? 0xc09 0xc0f 0xc0e 0xd07 0xd08  0xd09  0xd0a
+		do
-			# arch  7? 7? 7     7     7     8     8      8      8
+			i=$(( i + 1 ))
-			if [ "$cpuarch" = 7 ] && echo "$cpupart" | grep -Eq '^0x(c09|c0f|c0e)$'; then
+			cpuarch=$(echo $cpuarch_list | awk '{ print $'$i' }')
-				# armv7 vulnerable chips
+			_debug "checking cpu$i: <$cpupart> <$cpuarch>"
-				variant1=0
+			# some kernels report AArch64 instead of 8
-				variant2=0
+			[ "$cpuarch" = "AArch64" ] && cpuarch=8
-			elif [ "$cpuarch" = 8 ] && echo "$cpupart" | grep -Eq '^0x(d07|d08|d09|d0a)$'; then
+			if [ -n "$cpupart" -a -n "$cpuarch" ]; then
-				# armv8 vulnerable chips
+				cpu_friendly_name="ARM v$cpuarch model $cpupart"
-				variant1=0
+				# Cortex-R7 and Cortex-R8 are real-time and only used in medical devices or such
-				variant2=0
+				# I can't find their CPU part number, but it's probably not that useful anyway
-			else
+				# model R7 R8 A9    A15   A17   A57   A72    A73    A75
-				variant1=1
+				# part   ?  ? 0xc09 0xc0f 0xc0e 0xd07 0xd08  0xd09  0xd0a
-				variant2=1
+				# arch  7? 7? 7     7     7     8     8      8      8
+				#
+				# variant 1 & variant 2
+				if [ "$cpuarch" = 7 ] && echo "$cpupart" | grep -Eq '^0x(c09|c0f|c0e)$'; then
+					# armv7 vulnerable chips
+					_debug "checking cpu$i: this armv7 vulnerable to spectre 1 & 2"
+					variant1=vuln
+					variant2=vuln
+				elif [ "$cpuarch" = 8 ] && echo "$cpupart" | grep -Eq '^0x(d07|d08|d09|d0a)$'; then
+					# armv8 vulnerable chips
+					_debug "checking cpu$i: this armv8 vulnerable to spectre 1 & 2"
+					variant1=vuln
+					variant2=vuln
+				else
+					_debug "checking cpu$i: this arm non vulnerable to 1 & 2"
+					# others are not vulnerable
+					[ -z "$variant1" ] && variant1=immune
+					[ -z "$variant2" ] && variant2=immune
+				fi
+
+				# for variant3, only A75 is vulnerable
+				if [ "$cpuarch" = 8 -a "$cpupart" = 0xd0a ]; then
+					_debug "checking cpu$i: arm A75 vulnerable to meltdown"
+					variant3=vuln
+				else
+					_debug "checking cpu$i: this arm non vulnerable to meltdown"
+					[ -z "$variant3" ] && variant3=immune
+				fi
 			fi
-			# for variant3, only A75 is vulnerable
+			_debug "is_cpu_vulnerable: for cpu$i and so far, we have <$variant1> <$variant2> <$variant3>"
-			if [ "$cpuarch" = 8 -a "$cpupart" = 0xd0a ]; then
+		done
-				variant3=0
-			else
-				variant3=1
-			fi
-		fi
 	fi
-	[ "$1" = 1 ] && return $variant1
+	_debug "is_cpu_vulnerable: temp results are <$variant1> <$variant2> <$variant3>"
-	[ "$1" = 2 ] && return $variant2
+	# if at least one of the cpu is vulnerable, then the system is vulnerable
-	[ "$1" = 3 ] && return $variant3
+	[ "$variant1" = "immune" ] && variant1=1 || variant1=0
-	return 255
+	[ "$variant2" = "immune" ] && variant2=1 || variant2=0
+	[ "$variant3" = "immune" ] && variant3=1 || variant3=0
+	_debug "is_cpu_vulnerable: final results are <$variant1> <$variant2> <$variant3>"
+	is_cpu_vulnerable_cached=1
+	_is_cpu_vulnerable_cached "$1"
+	return $?
 }
 
 show_header()
@@ -233,17 +316,17 @@ parse_opt_file()
 while [ -n "$1" ]; do
 	if [ "$1" = "--kernel" ]; then
 		opt_kernel=$(parse_opt_file kernel "$2")
-		[ $? -ne 0 ] && exit $?
+		[ $? -ne 0 ] && exit 255
 		shift 2
 		opt_live=0
 	elif [ "$1" = "--config" ]; then
 		opt_config=$(parse_opt_file config "$2")
-		[ $? -ne 0 ] && exit $?
+		[ $? -ne 0 ] && exit 255
 		shift 2
 		opt_live=0
 	elif [ "$1" = "--map" ]; then
 		opt_map=$(parse_opt_file map "$2")
-		[ $? -ne 0 ] && exit $?
+		[ $? -ne 0 ] && exit 255
 		shift 2
 		opt_live=0
 	elif [ "$1" = "--live" ]; then
@@ -255,6 +338,13 @@ while [ -n "$1" ]; do
 	elif [ "$1" = "--no-sysfs" ]; then
 		opt_no_sysfs=1
 		shift
+	elif [ "$1" = "--coreos" ]; then
+		opt_coreos=1
+		shift
+	elif [ "$1" = "--coreos-within-toolbox" ]; then
+		# don't use directly: used internally by --coreos
+		opt_coreos=0
+		shift
 	elif [ "$1" = "--batch" ]; then
 		opt_batch=1
 		opt_verbose=0
@@ -264,9 +354,9 @@ while [ -n "$1" ]; do
 			--*) ;;    # allow subsequent flags
 			'') ;;     # allow nothing at all
 			*)
-				echo "$0: error: unknown batch format '$1'"
+				echo "$0: error: unknown batch format '$1'" >&2
-				echo "$0: error: --batch expects a format from: text, nrpe, json"
+				echo "$0: error: --batch expects a format from: text, nrpe, json" >&2
-				exit 1 >&2
+				exit 255
 				;;
 		esac
 	elif [ "$1" = "-v" -o "$1" = "--verbose" ]; then
@@ -275,7 +365,7 @@ while [ -n "$1" ]; do
 	elif [ "$1" = "--variant" ]; then
 		if [ -z "$2" ]; then
 			echo "$0: error: option --variant expects a parameter (1, 2 or 3)" >&2
-			exit 1
+			exit 255
 		fi
 		case "$2" in
 			1) opt_variant1=1; opt_allvariants=0;;
@@ -283,13 +373,18 @@ while [ -n "$1" ]; do
 			3) opt_variant3=1; opt_allvariants=0;;
 			*)
 				echo "$0: error: invalid parameter '$2' for --variant, expected either 1, 2 or 3" >&2;
-				exit 1;;
+				exit 255
+				;;
 		esac
 		shift 2
 	elif [ "$1" = "-h" -o "$1" = "--help" ]; then
 		show_header
 		show_usage
 		exit 0
+	elif [ "$1" = "--version" ]; then
+		opt_no_color=1
+		show_header
+		exit 0
 	elif [ "$1" = "--disclaimer" ]; then
 		show_header
 		show_disclaimer
@@ -298,7 +393,7 @@ while [ -n "$1" ]; do
 		show_header
 		show_usage
 		echo "$0: error: unknown option '$1'"
-		exit 1
+		exit 255
 	fi
 done
 
@@ -328,37 +423,40 @@ pstatus()
 pvulnstatus()
 {
 	if [ "$opt_batch" = 1 ]; then
-                case "$opt_batch_format" in
+		case "$opt_batch_format" in
-                        text) _echo 0 "$1: $2 ($3)";;
+			text) _echo 0 "$1: $2 ($3)";;
-                        nrpe)
+			json)
-                              case "$2" in
+				case "$1" in
-                                       UKN) nrpe_unknown="1";;
+					CVE-2017-5753) aka="SPECTRE VARIANT 1";;
-                                       VULN) nrpe_critical="1"; nrpe_vuln="$nrpe_vuln $1";;
+					CVE-2017-5715) aka="SPECTRE VARIANT 2";;
-                              esac
+					CVE-2017-5754) aka="MELTDOWN";;
-                              ;;
+				esac
-                        json)
+				case "$2" in
-                              case "$1" in
+					UNK)  is_vuln="null";;
-                                       CVE-2017-5753) aka="SPECTRE VARIANT 1";;
+					VULN) is_vuln="true";;
-                                       CVE-2017-5715) aka="SPECTRE VARIANT 2";;
+					OK)   is_vuln="false";;
-                                       CVE-2017-5754) aka="MELTDOWN";;
+				esac
-                              esac
+				json_output="${json_output:-[}{\"NAME\":\""$aka"\",\"CVE\":\""$1"\",\"VULNERABLE\":$is_vuln,\"INFOS\":\""$3"\"},"
-                              case "$2" in
+				;;
-                                       UKN)  is_vuln="unknown";;
+
-                                       VULN) is_vuln="true";;
+			nrpe)	[ "$2" = VULN ] && nrpe_vuln="$nrpe_vuln $1";;
-                                       OK)   is_vuln="false";;
-                              esac
-                              json_output="${json_output:-[}{\"NAME\":\""$aka"\",\"CVE\":\""$1"\",\"VULNERABLE\":$is_vuln,\"INFOS\":\""$3"\"},"
-                              ;;
 		esac
 	fi
 
-	_info_nol "> \033[46m\033[30mSTATUS:\033[0m "
+	# always fill global_* vars because we use that do decide the program exit code
+	case "$2" in
+		UNK)  global_unknown="1";;
+		VULN) global_critical="1";;
+	esac
+
+	# display info if we're not in quiet/batch mode
 	vulnstatus="$2"
 	shift 2
+	_info_nol "> \033[46m\033[30mSTATUS:\033[0m "
 	case "$vulnstatus" in
-		UNK) pstatus yellow UNKNOWN "$@";;
+		UNK)  pstatus yellow 'UNKNOWN'        "$@";;
-		VULN) pstatus red 'VULNERABLE' "$@";;
+		VULN) pstatus red    'VULNERABLE'     "$@";;
-		OK) pstatus green 'NOT VULNERABLE' "$@";;
+		OK)   pstatus green  'NOT VULNERABLE' "$@";;
 	esac
 }
 
@@ -383,8 +481,8 @@ vmlinux=''
 vmlinux_err=''
 check_vmlinux()
 {
-	readelf -h "$1" > /dev/null 2>&1 || return 1
+	readelf -h "$1" >/dev/null 2>&1 && return 0
-	return 0
+	return 1
 }
 
 try_decompress()
@@ -439,104 +537,6 @@ extract_vmlinux()
 
 # end of extract-vmlinux functions
 
-# check for mode selection inconsistency
-if [ "$opt_live_explicit" = 1 ]; then
-	if [ -n "$opt_kernel" -o -n "$opt_config" -o -n "$opt_map" ]; then
-		show_usage
-		echo "$0: error: incompatible modes specified, use either --live or --kernel/--config/--map"
-		exit 1
-	fi
-fi
-
-# root check (only for live mode, for offline mode, we already checked if we could read the files)
-
-if [ "$opt_live" = 1 ]; then
-	if [ "$(id -u)" -ne 0 ]; then
-		_warn "Note that you should launch this script with root privileges to get accurate information."
-		_warn "We'll proceed but you might see permission denied errors."
-		_warn "To run it as root, you can try the following command: sudo $0"
-		_warn
-	fi
-	_info "Checking for vulnerabilities against live running kernel \033[35m"$(uname -s) $(uname -r) $(uname -v) $(uname -m)"\033[0m"
-
-	# try to find the image of the current running kernel
-	# first, look for the BOOT_IMAGE hint in the kernel cmdline
-	if [ -r /proc/cmdline ] && grep -q 'BOOT_IMAGE=' /proc/cmdline; then
-		opt_kernel=$(grep -Eo 'BOOT_IMAGE=[^ ]+' /proc/cmdline | cut -d= -f2)
-		_debug "found opt_kernel=$opt_kernel in /proc/cmdline"
-		# if we have a dedicated /boot partition, our bootloader might have just called it /
-		# so try to prepend /boot and see if we find anything
-		[ -e "/boot/$opt_kernel" ] && opt_kernel="/boot/$opt_kernel"
-		_debug "opt_kernel is now $opt_kernel"
-		# else, the full path is already there (most probably /boot/something)
-	fi
-	# if we didn't find a kernel, default to guessing
-	if [ ! -e "$opt_kernel" ]; then
-		[ -e /boot/vmlinuz-linux       ] && opt_kernel=/boot/vmlinuz-linux
-		[ -e /boot/vmlinuz-linux-libre ] && opt_kernel=/boot/vmlinuz-linux-libre
-		[ -e /boot/vmlinuz-$(uname -r) ] && opt_kernel=/boot/vmlinuz-$(uname -r)
-		[ -e /boot/kernel-$( uname -r) ] && opt_kernel=/boot/kernel-$( uname -r)
-		[ -e /boot/bzImage-$(uname -r) ] && opt_kernel=/boot/bzImage-$(uname -r)
-		[ -e /boot/kernel-genkernel-$(uname -m)-$(uname -r) ] && opt_kernel=/boot/kernel-genkernel-$(uname -m)-$(uname -r)
-	fi
-
-	# system.map
-	if [ -e /proc/kallsyms ] ; then
-		opt_map="/proc/kallsyms"
-	elif [ -e /boot/System.map-$(uname -r) ] ; then
-		opt_map=/boot/System.map-$(uname -r)
-	fi
-
-	# config
-	if [ -e /proc/config.gz ] ; then
-		dumped_config="$(mktemp /tmp/config-XXXXXX)"
-		gunzip -c /proc/config.gz > $dumped_config
-		# dumped_config will be deleted at the end of the script
-		opt_config=$dumped_config
-	elif [ -e /boot/config-$(uname -r) ]; then
-		opt_config=/boot/config-$(uname -r)
-	fi
-else
-	_info "Checking for vulnerabilities against specified kernel"
-fi
-if [ -n "$opt_kernel" ]; then
-	_verbose "Will use vmlinux image \033[35m$opt_kernel\033[0m"
-else
-	_verbose "Will use no vmlinux image (accuracy might be reduced)"
-fi
-if [ -n "$dumped_config" ]; then
-	_verbose "Will use kconfig \033[35m/proc/config.gz\033[0m"
-elif [ -n "$opt_config" ]; then
-	_verbose "Will use kconfig \033[35m$opt_config\033[0m"
-else
-	_verbose "Will use no kconfig (accuracy might be reduced)"
-fi
-if [ -n "$opt_map" ]; then
-	_verbose "Will use System.map file \033[35m$opt_map\033[0m"
-else
-	_verbose "Will use no System.map file (accuracy might be reduced)"
-fi
-
-if [ -e "$opt_kernel" ]; then
-	if ! which readelf >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-		vmlinux_err="missing 'readelf' tool, please install it, usually it's in the 'binutils' package"
-	else
-		extract_vmlinux "$opt_kernel"
-	fi
-else
-	vmlinux_err="couldn't find your kernel image in /boot, if you used netboot, this is normal"
-fi
-if [ -z "$vmlinux" -o ! -r "$vmlinux" ]; then
-	[ -z "$vmlinux_err" ] && vmlinux_err="couldn't extract your kernel from $opt_kernel"
-fi
-
-_info
-
-# end of header stuff
-
-# now we define some util functions and the check_*() funcs, as
-# the user can choose to execute only some of those
-
 mount_debugfs()
 {
 	if [ ! -e /sys/kernel/debug/sched_features ]; then
@@ -553,10 +553,196 @@ umount_debugfs()
 	fi
 }
 
+load_msr()
+{
+	modprobe msr 2>/dev/null && insmod_msr=1
+	_debug "attempted to load module msr, insmod_msr=$insmod_msr"
+}
+
+unload_msr()
+{
+	if [ "$insmod_msr" = 1 ]; then
+		# if we used modprobe ourselves, rmmod the module
+		rmmod msr 2>/dev/null
+		_debug "attempted to unload module msr, ret=$?"
+	fi
+}
+
+load_cpuid()
+{
+	modprobe cpuid 2>/dev/null && insmod_cpuid=1
+	_debug "attempted to load module cpuid, insmod_cpuid=$insmod_cpuid"
+}
+
+unload_cpuid()
+{
+	if [ "$insmod_cpuid" = 1 ]; then
+		# if we used modprobe ourselves, rmmod the module
+		rmmod cpuid 2>/dev/null
+		_debug "attempted to unload module cpuid, ret=$?"
+	fi
+}
+
+is_coreos()
+{
+	which coreos-install >/dev/null 2>&1 && which toolbox >/dev/null 2>&1 && return 0
+	return 1
+}
+
+# check for mode selection inconsistency
+if [ "$opt_live_explicit" = 1 ]; then
+	if [ -n "$opt_kernel" -o -n "$opt_config" -o -n "$opt_map" ]; then
+		show_usage
+		echo "$0: error: incompatible modes specified, use either --live or --kernel/--config/--map" >&2
+		exit 255
+	fi
+fi
+
+# coreos mode
+if [ "$opt_coreos" = 1 ]; then
+	if ! is_coreos; then
+		_warn "CoreOS mode asked, but we're not under CoreOS!"
+		exit 255
+	fi
+	_warn "CoreOS mode, starting an ephemeral toolbox to launch the script"
+	load_msr
+	load_cpuid
+	mount_debugfs
+	toolbox --ephemeral --bind-ro /dev/cpu:/dev/cpu -- sh -c "dnf install -y binutils which && /media/root$PWD/$0 $@ --coreos-within-toolbox"
+	exitcode=$?
+	mount_debugfs
+	unload_cpuid
+	unload_msr
+	exit $exitcode
+else
+	if is_coreos; then
+		_warn "You seem to be running CoreOS, you might want to use the --coreos option for better results"
+		_warn
+	fi
+fi
+
+# root check (only for live mode, for offline mode, we already checked if we could read the files)
+
+if [ "$opt_live" = 1 ]; then
+	if [ "$(id -u)" -ne 0 ]; then
+		_warn "Note that you should launch this script with root privileges to get accurate information."
+		_warn "We'll proceed but you might see permission denied errors."
+		_warn "To run it as root, you can try the following command: sudo $0"
+		_warn
+	fi
+	_info "Checking for vulnerabilities against running kernel \033[35m"$(uname -s) $(uname -r) $(uname -v) $(uname -m)"\033[0m"
+	# call is_cpu_vulnerable to fill the cpu_friendly_name var
+	is_cpu_vulnerable 1
+	_info "CPU is \033[35m$cpu_friendly_name\033[0m"
+
+	# try to find the image of the current running kernel
+	# first, look for the BOOT_IMAGE hint in the kernel cmdline
+	if [ -r /proc/cmdline ] && grep -q 'BOOT_IMAGE=' /proc/cmdline; then
+		opt_kernel=$(grep -Eo 'BOOT_IMAGE=[^ ]+' /proc/cmdline | cut -d= -f2)
+		_debug "found opt_kernel=$opt_kernel in /proc/cmdline"
+		# if we have a dedicated /boot partition, our bootloader might have just called it /
+		# so try to prepend /boot and see if we find anything
+		[ -e "/boot/$opt_kernel" ] && opt_kernel="/boot/$opt_kernel"
+		# special case for CoreOS if we're inside the toolbox
+		[ -e "/media/root/boot/$opt_kernel" ] && opt_kernel="/media/root/boot/$opt_kernel"
+		_debug "opt_kernel is now $opt_kernel"
+		# else, the full path is already there (most probably /boot/something)
+	fi
+	# if we didn't find a kernel, default to guessing
+	if [ ! -e "$opt_kernel" ]; then
+		# Fedora:
+		[ -e /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/vmlinuz ] && opt_kernel=/lib/modules/$(uname -r)/vmlinuz
+		# Slackare:
+		[ -e /boot/vmlinuz             ] && opt_kernel=/boot/vmlinuz
+		# Arch:
+		[ -e /boot/vmlinuz-linux       ] && opt_kernel=/boot/vmlinuz-linux
+		# Linux-Libre:
+		[ -e /boot/vmlinuz-linux-libre ] && opt_kernel=/boot/vmlinuz-linux-libre
+		# generic:
+		[ -e /boot/vmlinuz-$(uname -r) ] && opt_kernel=/boot/vmlinuz-$(uname -r)
+		[ -e /boot/kernel-$( uname -r) ] && opt_kernel=/boot/kernel-$( uname -r)
+		[ -e /boot/bzImage-$(uname -r) ] && opt_kernel=/boot/bzImage-$(uname -r)
+		# Gentoo:
+		[ -e /boot/kernel-genkernel-$(uname -m)-$(uname -r) ] && opt_kernel=/boot/kernel-genkernel-$(uname -m)-$(uname -r)
+		# NixOS:
+		[ -e /run/booted-system/kernel ] && opt_kernel=/run/booted-system/kernel
+	fi
+
+	# system.map
+	if [ -e /proc/kallsyms ] ; then
+		opt_map="/proc/kallsyms"
+	elif [ -e /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/System.map ] ; then
+		opt_map=/lib/modules/$(uname -r)/System.map
+	elif [ -e /boot/System.map-$(uname -r) ] ; then
+		opt_map=/boot/System.map-$(uname -r)
+	fi
+
+	# config
+	if [ -e /proc/config.gz ] ; then
+		dumped_config="$(mktemp /tmp/config-XXXXXX)"
+		gunzip -c /proc/config.gz > $dumped_config
+		# dumped_config will be deleted at the end of the script
+		opt_config=$dumped_config
+	elif [ -e /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/config ]; then
+		opt_config=/lib/modules/$(uname -r)/config
+	elif [ -e /boot/config-$(uname -r) ]; then
+		opt_config=/boot/config-$(uname -r)
+	fi
+else
+	_info "Checking for vulnerabilities against specified kernel"
+fi
+
+if [ -n "$opt_kernel" ]; then
+	_verbose "Will use vmlinux image \033[35m$opt_kernel\033[0m"
+else
+	_verbose "Will use no vmlinux image (accuracy might be reduced)"
+	bad_accuracy=1
+fi
+if [ -n "$dumped_config" ]; then
+	_verbose "Will use kconfig \033[35m/proc/config.gz\033[0m"
+elif [ -n "$opt_config" ]; then
+	_verbose "Will use kconfig \033[35m$opt_config\033[0m"
+else
+	_verbose "Will use no kconfig (accuracy might be reduced)"
+	bad_accuracy=1
+fi
+if [ -n "$opt_map" ]; then
+	_verbose "Will use System.map file \033[35m$opt_map\033[0m"
+else
+	_verbose "Will use no System.map file (accuracy might be reduced)"
+	bad_accuracy=1
+fi
+
+if [ "$bad_accuracy" = 1 ]; then
+	_info "We're missing some kernel info (see -v), accuracy might be reduced"
+fi
+
+if [ -e "$opt_kernel" ]; then
+	if ! which readelf >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+		_debug "readelf not found"
+		vmlinux_err="missing 'readelf' tool, please install it, usually it's in the 'binutils' package"
+	else
+		extract_vmlinux "$opt_kernel"
+	fi
+else
+	_debug "no opt_kernel defined"
+	vmlinux_err="couldn't find your kernel image in /boot, if you used netboot, this is normal"
+fi
+if [ -z "$vmlinux" -o ! -r "$vmlinux" ]; then
+	[ -z "$vmlinux_err" ] && vmlinux_err="couldn't extract your kernel from $opt_kernel"
+fi
+
+_info
+
+# end of header stuff
+
+# now we define some util functions and the check_*() funcs, as
+# the user can choose to execute only some of those
+
 sys_interface_check()
 {
 	[ "$opt_live" = 1 -a "$opt_no_sysfs" = 0 -a -r "$1" ] || return 1
-	_info_nol "* Checking wheter we're safe according to the /sys interface: "
+	_info_nol "* Checking whether we're safe according to the /sys interface: "
 	if grep -qi '^not affected' "$1"; then
 		# Not affected
 		status=OK
@@ -574,6 +760,7 @@ sys_interface_check()
 		pstatus yellow UNKNOWN "unknown value reported by kernel"
 	fi
 	msg=$(cat "$1")
+	_debug "sys_interface_check: $1=$msg"
 	return 0
 }
 
@@ -602,7 +789,7 @@ check_variant1()
 				status=UNK
 				pstatus yellow UNKNOWN
 			else
-				# here we disassemble the kernel and count the number of occurences of the LFENCE opcode
+				# here we disassemble the kernel and count the number of occurrences of the LFENCE opcode
 				# in non-patched kernels, this has been empirically determined as being around 40-50
 				# in patched kernels, this is more around 70-80, sometimes way higher (100+)
 				# v0.13: 68 found in a 3.10.23-xxxx-std-ipv6-64 (with lots of modules compiled-in directly), which doesn't have the LFENCE patches,
@@ -611,7 +798,7 @@ check_variant1()
 				if [ "$nb_lfence" -lt 70 ]; then
 					msg="only $nb_lfence opcodes found, should be >= 70, heuristic to be improved when official patches become available"
 					status=VULN
-					pstatus yellow UNKNOWN
+					pstatus red NO
 				else
 					msg="$nb_lfence opcodes found, which is >= 70, heuristic to be improved when official patches become available"
 					status=OK
@@ -646,10 +833,11 @@ check_variant2()
 		sys_interface_available=1
 	else
 		_info "* Mitigation 1"
-		_info_nol "*   Hardware (CPU microcode) support for mitigation: "
+		_info "*   Hardware (CPU microcode) support for mitigation"
+		_info_nol "*     The SPEC_CTRL MSR is available: "
 		if [ ! -e /dev/cpu/0/msr ]; then
 			# try to load the module ourselves (and remember it so we can rmmod it afterwards)
-			modprobe msr 2>/dev/null && insmod_msr=1
+			load_msr
 		fi
 		if [ ! -e /dev/cpu/0/msr ]; then
 			pstatus yellow UNKNOWN "couldn't read /dev/cpu/0/msr, is msr support enabled in your kernel?"
@@ -665,9 +853,49 @@ check_variant2()
 			fi
 		fi
 
-		if [ "$insmod_msr" = 1 ]; then
+		unload_msr
-			# if we used modprobe ourselves, rmmod the module
+
-			rmmod msr 2>/dev/null
+		# CPUID test
+		_info_nol "*     The SPEC_CTRL CPUID feature bit is set: "
+		if [ ! -e /dev/cpu/0/cpuid ]; then
+			# try to load the module ourselves (and remember it so we can rmmod it afterwards)
+			load_cpuid
+		fi
+		if [ ! -e /dev/cpu/0/cpuid ]; then
+			pstatus yellow UNKNOWN "couldn't read /dev/cpu/0/cpuidr, is cpuid support enabled in your kernel?"
+		else
+			# from kernel src: { X86_FEATURE_SPEC_CTRL,        CPUID_EDX,26, 0x00000007, 0 },
+			if [ "$opt_verbose" -ge 3 ]; then
+				dd if=/dev/cpu/0/cpuid bs=16 skip=7 iflag=skip_bytes count=1 >/dev/null 2>/dev/null
+				_debug "cpuid: reading leaf7 of cpuid on cpu0, ret=$?"
+				_debug "cpuid: leaf7 eax-ebx-ecd-edx: "$(dd if=/dev/cpu/0/cpuid bs=16 skip=7 iflag=skip_bytes count=1 2>/dev/null | od -x -A n)
+				_debug "cpuid: leaf7 edx higher-half is: "$(dd if=/dev/cpu/0/cpuid bs=16 skip=7 iflag=skip_bytes count=1 2>/dev/null | dd bs=1 skip=15 count=1 2>/dev/null | od -x -A n)
+			fi
+			# getting high byte of edx on leaf7 of cpuinfo in decimal
+			edx_hb=$(dd if=/dev/cpu/0/cpuid bs=16 skip=7 iflag=skip_bytes count=1 2>/dev/null | dd bs=1 skip=15 count=1 2>/dev/null | od -t u -A n | awk '{print $1}')
+			_debug "cpuid: leaf7 edx higher byte: $edx_hb (decimal)"
+			edx_bit26=$(( edx_hb & 8 ))
+			_debug "cpuid: edx_bit26=$edx_bit26"
+			if [ "$edx_bit26" -eq 8 ]; then
+				pstatus green YES
+			else
+				pstatus red NO
+			fi
+		fi
+		unload_cpuid
+
+		# hardware support according to kernel
+		if [ "$opt_verbose" -ge 2 ]; then
+			_verbose_nol "*     The kernel has set the spec_ctrl flag in cpuinfo: "
+			if [ "$opt_live" = 1 ]; then
+				if grep ^flags /proc/cpuinfo | grep -qw spec_ctrl; then
+					pstatus green YES
+				else
+					pstatus red NO
+				fi
+			else
+				pstatus blue N/A "not testable in offline mode"
+			fi
 		fi
 
 		_info_nol "*   Kernel support for IBRS: "
@@ -685,14 +913,30 @@ check_variant2()
 					pstatus green YES
 					ibrs_supported=1
 					ibrs_enabled=$(cat "$ibrs_file" 2>/dev/null)
+					_debug "ibrs: found $ibrs_file=$ibrs_enabled"
 					break
+				else
+					_debug "ibrs: file $ibrs_file doesn't exist"
 				fi
 			done
+			# on some newer kernels, the spec_ctrl_ibrs flag in /proc/cpuinfo
+			# is set when ibrs has been administratively enabled (usually from cmdline)
+			# which in that case means ibrs is supported *and* enabled for kernel & user
+			# as per the ibrs patch series v3
+			if [ "$ibrs_supported" = 0 ]; then
+				if grep ^flags /proc/cpuinfo | grep -qw spec_ctrl_ibrs; then
+					_debug "ibrs: found spec_ctrl_ibrs flag in /proc/cpuinfo"
+					ibrs_supported=1
+					# enabled=2 -> kernel & user
+					ibrs_enabled=2
+				fi
+			fi
 		fi
 		if [ "$ibrs_supported" != 1 -a -n "$opt_map" ]; then
 			if grep -q spec_ctrl "$opt_map"; then
 				pstatus green YES
 				ibrs_supported=1
+				_debug "ibrs: found '*spec_ctrl*' symbol in $opt_map"
 			fi
 		fi
 		if [ "$ibrs_supported" != 1 ]; then
@@ -733,6 +977,7 @@ check_variant2()
 			if grep -q '^CONFIG_RETPOLINE=y' "$opt_config"; then
 				pstatus green YES
 				retpoline=1
+				_debug "retpoline: found "$(grep '^CONFIG_RETPOLINE' "$opt_config")" in $opt_config"
 			else
 				pstatus red NO
 			fi
@@ -822,6 +1067,7 @@ check_variant3()
 		if [ -n "$opt_config" ]; then
 			kpti_can_tell=1
 			if grep -Eq '^(CONFIG_PAGE_TABLE_ISOLATION|CONFIG_KAISER)=y' "$opt_config"; then
+				_debug "kpti_support: found option "$(grep -E '^(CONFIG_PAGE_TABLE_ISOLATION|CONFIG_KAISER)=y' "$opt_config")" in $opt_config"
 				kpti_support=1
 			fi
 		fi
@@ -830,6 +1076,7 @@ check_variant3()
 			# so we try to find an exported symbol that is part of the PTI patch in System.map
 			kpti_can_tell=1
 			if grep -qw kpti_force_enabled "$opt_map"; then
+				_debug "kpti_support: found kpti_force_enabled in $opt_map"
 				kpti_support=1
 			fi
 		fi
@@ -841,6 +1088,7 @@ check_variant3()
 				pstatus yellow UNKNOWN "missing 'strings' tool, please install it, usually it's in the binutils package"
 			else
 				if strings "$vmlinux" | grep -qw nopti; then
+					_debug "kpti_support: found nopti string in $vmlinux"
 					kpti_support=1
 				fi
 			fi
@@ -857,22 +1105,35 @@ check_variant3()
 		mount_debugfs
 		_info_nol "* PTI enabled and active: "
 		if [ "$opt_live" = 1 ]; then
+			dmesg_grep="Kernel/User page tables isolation: enabled"
+			dmesg_grep="$dmesg_grep|Kernel page table isolation enabled"
+			dmesg_grep="$dmesg_grep|x86/pti: Unmapping kernel while in userspace"
 			if grep ^flags /proc/cpuinfo | grep -qw pti; then
 				# vanilla PTI patch sets the 'pti' flag in cpuinfo
+				_debug "kpti_enabled: found 'pti' flag in /proc/cpuinfo"
 				kpti_enabled=1
 			elif grep ^flags /proc/cpuinfo | grep -qw kaiser; then
 				# kernel line 4.9 sets the 'kaiser' flag in cpuinfo
+				_debug "kpti_enabled: found 'kaiser' flag in /proc/cpuinfo"
 				kpti_enabled=1
 			elif [ -e /sys/kernel/debug/x86/pti_enabled ]; then
 				# RedHat Backport creates a dedicated file, see https://access.redhat.com/articles/3311301
 				kpti_enabled=$(cat /sys/kernel/debug/x86/pti_enabled 2>/dev/null)
-			elif dmesg | grep -Eq 'Kernel/User page tables isolation: enabled|Kernel page table isolation enabled'; then
+				_debug "kpti_enabled: file /sys/kernel/debug/x86/pti_enabled exists and says: $kpti_enabled"
+			elif dmesg | grep -Eq "$dmesg_grep"; then
 				# if we can't find the flag, grep dmesg output
+				_debug "kpti_enabled: found hint in dmesg: "$(dmesg | grep -E "$dmesg_grep")
 				kpti_enabled=1
-			elif [ -r /var/log/dmesg ] && grep -Eq 'Kernel/User page tables isolation: enabled|Kernel page table isolation enabled' /var/log/dmesg; then
+			elif [ -r /var/log/dmesg ] && grep -Eq "$dmesg_grep" /var/log/dmesg; then
 				# if we can't find the flag in dmesg output, grep in /var/log/dmesg when readable
+				_debug "kpti_enabled: found hint in /var/log/dmesg: "$(grep -E "$dmesg_grep" /var/log/dmesg)
+				kpti_enabled=1
+			elif [ -r /var/log/kern.log ] && grep -Eq "$dmesg_grep" /var/log/kern.log; then
+				# if we can't find the flag in dmesg output, grep in /var/log/kern.log when readable
+				_debug "kpti_enabled: found hint in /var/log/kern.log: "$(grep -E "$dmesg_grep" /var/log/kern.log)
 				kpti_enabled=1
 			else
+				_debug "kpti_enabled: couldn't find any hint that PTI is enabled"
 				kpti_enabled=0
 			fi
 			if [ "$kpti_enabled" = 1 ]; then
@@ -883,6 +1144,50 @@ check_variant3()
 		else
 			pstatus blue N/A "can't verify if PTI is enabled in offline mode"
 		fi
+
+		# no security impact but give a hint to the user in verbose mode
+		# about PCID/INVPCID cpuid features that must be present to avoid
+		# too big a performance impact with PTI
+		# refs:
+		# https://marc.info/?t=151532047900001&r=1&w=2
+		# https://groups.google.com/forum/m/#!topic/mechanical-sympathy/L9mHTbeQLNU
+		if [ "$opt_verbose" -ge 2 ]; then
+			_info "* Performance impact if PTI is enabled"
+			_info_nol "*   CPU supports PCID: "
+			if grep ^flags /proc/cpuinfo | grep -qw pcid; then
+				pstatus green YES 'performance degradation with PTI will be limited'
+			else
+				pstatus blue NO 'no security impact but performance will be degraded with PTI'
+			fi
+			_info_nol "*   CPU supports INVPCID: "
+			if grep ^flags /proc/cpuinfo | grep -qw invpcid; then
+				pstatus green YES 'performance degradation with PTI will be limited'
+			else
+				pstatus blue NO 'no security impact but performance will be degraded with PTI'
+			fi
+		fi
+
+		if [ "$opt_live" = 1 ]; then
+			# checking whether we're running under Xen PV 64 bits. If yes, we're not affected by variant3
+			_info_nol "* Checking if we're running under Xen PV (64 bits): "
+			if [ "$(uname -m)" = "x86_64" ]; then
+				# XXX do we have a better way that relying on dmesg?
+				if dmesg | grep -q 'Booting paravirtualized kernel on Xen$' ; then
+					pstatus green YES 'Xen PV is not vulnerable'
+					xen_pv=1
+				elif [ -r /var/log/dmesg ] && grep -q 'Booting paravirtualized kernel on Xen$' /var/log/dmesg; then
+					pstatus green YES 'Xen PV is not vulnerable'
+					xen_pv=1
+				elif [ -r /var/log/kern.log ] && grep -q 'Booting paravirtualized kernel on Xen$' /var/log/kern.log; then
+					pstatus green YES 'Xen PV is not vulnerable'
+					xen_pv=1
+				else
+					pstatus blue NO
+				fi
+			else
+				pstatus blue NO
+			fi
+		fi
 	fi
 
 	# if we have the /sys interface, don't even check is_cpu_vulnerable ourselves, the kernel already does it
@@ -895,6 +1200,8 @@ check_variant3()
 		if [ "$opt_live" = 1 ]; then
 			if [ "$kpti_enabled" = 1 ]; then
 				pvulnstatus $cve OK "PTI mitigates the vulnerability"
+			elif [ "$xen_pv" = 1 ]; then
+				pvulnstatus $cve OK "Xen PV 64 bits is not vulnerable"
 			else
 				pvulnstatus $cve VULN "PTI is needed to mitigate the vulnerability"
 			fi
@@ -938,11 +1245,13 @@ if [ "$opt_batch" = 1 -a "$opt_batch_format" = "nrpe" ]; then
 	else
 		echo "OK"
 	fi
-	[ "$nrpe_critical" = 1 ] && exit 2  # critical
-	[ "$nrpe_unknown" = 1 ] && exit 3  # unknown
-	exit 0  # ok
 fi
 
 if [ "$opt_batch" = 1 -a "$opt_batch_format" = "json" ]; then
-	_echo 0 ${json_output%?}]
+	_echo 0 ${json_output%?}']'
 fi
+
+# exit with the proper exit code
+[ "$global_critical" = 1 ] && exit 2  # critical
+[ "$global_unknown"  = 1 ] && exit 3  # unknown
+exit 0  # ok